油砂
Facts About Pipeline Safety and Canadian Crude
Liquid petroleum pipelines carry crude oil and refined petroleum products (gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, heating oil, etc.) across state and even country borders (interstate & international) as well as within states (intrastate). Pipelines are widely acknowledged to be the safest and most efficient way to move energy products overland for long distances; crude oil and natural gas from production areas to processing plants and refineries, and consumer-ready products to markets.
Diluted Bitumen
Bitumen is a mixture of heavy oil, sand, clay and water. It is separated from the sand and water in a centrifuge prior to dilution for transportation.
Alberta油砂项目分阶段发展的经济影响（2010-2035）
The Canadian Energy Research Institute (CERI) has completed a study of the impact of developing Alberta’s oil sands in a staged manner according to the capacity and in-service date of existing and proposed pipelines.
Growth in Canadian Oil Sands
Cambridge Energy Research Associates（Cera）报告加拿大油砂的增长：发现一个新的余额被设计为均衡的研究（参与者包括加拿大政府，石油公司和非政府组织），以解决与油砂开发和加工相关的各个方面。
加拿大油砂：能源安全与气候变化
The Council on Foreign Relations’ (CFR) recent report The Canadian Oil Sands: Energy Security vs. Climate Change explores the tensions between energy security and climate change surrounding the Canadian oil sands and provides policy recommendations to address these two interests.
